The Role of IMO Member States in Implementing the BBNJ Agreement Using Existing Tools and Measures

This discussion paper explores the role of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) member States in implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement using existing IMO tools and measures. With the BBNJ poised to enter into force, the paper considers how established IMO structures, such as area-based management tools, environmental impact assessment, and capacity-building initiatives, can contribute to biodiversity protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The paper was presented at a virtual gathering hosted by the United Nations Foundation and Seascape Consultants Ltd in May 2025.